School of Arts and Letters

American Indian Studies Department | Art | Communication and Theatre Arts Department | English Department | French | German | History, Politics and Culture Department | Languages and International Studies Department | Medieval and Renaissance Studies Program | Music Department | Ojibwe | Philosophy | Russian | Social Science Secondary Education |Humanities| Spanish | Theology and Religious Studies Department | The Braegelman Catholic Studies Program | Women's Spirituality Certificate | Women's and Gender Studies Department | Youth Ministry

American Indian Studies Department

Provides opportunities for St.Scholastica students to study American Indian history, contemporary developments, and tribal cultures, as well as to interact with American Indian professionals and peers. Knowledge of American Indian contributions to our social, political, economic and scientific development will enable students to develop a broader view and a deeper appreciation of our national heritage.
Chair: Barbara King, M.S.W.

American Indian Studies Minor

American Indian Studies offers a 24-credit minor designed to complement programs in a variety of different majors. The objectives of the minor are to:

• promote an awareness and understanding of the history, culture and philosophy of American Indians.
• recognize the different life experiences of American Indians.
• improve the ability of students to integrate this knowledge with their future professional careers.

Each of the following minor courses are worth 4 credits: INS 2201,2202 (HIS 2201,2202) and 3301 (PHL 3301); selection of one course from either INS 2203 or 2204 (ART 2204); and one course from INS 3308 (HIS 3308), 3320 or 4401. Four additional credits are needed to complete the minor. Students may petition the Department to take alternative elective courses.

Outcomes

Objectives of the program include courses that will:

• address the methodological and historiographical issues involved in any approach to American Indian studies.
• utilize various theoretical models for interpreting various areas of discipline, i.e. history, literature, philosophy, etc.
• focus on changing from an "additive" to "inclusive" understanding of how gender and race impacts the American Indian life experience.
• focus on the value of incorporating the everyday experience of ordinary people in the creation of American Indian history.
• provide an understanding of American Indian life experience which will provide a mirror and window on student's own assumptions about race, class and gender.
• explore the history and differences in oral and written communication among American Indians.
• require correct grammar and punctuation in all written work.
• require the student to be brief but thorough in written communications. - explore the value and importance of seeing through the eyes of others.
• examine the role of race and class in the shaping of American Indian history and culture. - explore the issues of American Indian cultural identity.
• examine what constitutes knowledge of the spiritual practices and belief systems of American Indian communities.
• be able to understand the life experience of American Indians and apply the knowledge to contemporary issues.
• understand paradigms and paradigmatic approaches to political action and processing information.
• examine what constitutes knowledge of art forms and music and its application to everyday life.
• explore the issues of American Indian cultural identity through art and music.

All students, both Indian and non-Indian, are encouraged to select courses as electives from the core courses listed below. Students may also select courses to fulfill the curricular area distribution requirements.

Art

We are constantly surrounded by visual stimuli, but we rarely take time to reflect on them or participate in their creation. Art courses offer a chance to do both. If, as Abbe Dubes claims,"The first purpose of art is to touch us," a study of visual principles and the cultural and historical contexts for art production can deepen our responses and strengthen our ability to connect with others through original creations.
Chair: Po-Lin Kosuth, M.F.A.

Art minor

An artminor is a good complement to anymajor in any field.

Minor: 22 credits in ART, of which the following are required:

ART 1126, Modern Art History,
4 cr. ART 1120, Drawing I,
4 cr. ART 1124, Basic Design,
4 cr. ART 4477, Art Minor Capstone Project, 2 cr.

Communication and Theatre Arts Department

Communication is the process of conveying messages to others, whether in a one-to-one encounter, in a public speech to many, or in a mass medium that reaches millions. Communicators know how to design messages for a variety of media and how to change that message depending on the audience or the medium. Good communicators know that effective messages are structured differently for speech, print, photography, film, radio, theatre or television.

Knowledge of many areas is essential to successful structuring of these messages; e.g., language, rhetoric, culture, history, art,music, drama, technology and science. Communication is by its very nature a liberal art. Effective and accurate communicators are needed in this information age. Imaginative people, who can speak, write and produce messages for a variety ofmedia,are valuable.

In addition to the conventional Communication major, the Department offers majors in Theatre Management, and Advertising and Public Relations.

Three minors are offered: Communication,Theatre and Photography.
Chair: Bradley Gangnon, M.A.

Communication major

The Communication major in the Communication and Theatre Arts Department prepares students to design, adapt, and analyze mediated and inter personal messages appropriate for specific audiences in a variety of settings. The students enrolled in this program will be able to create and critique persuasive arguments and conduct research. The liberally educated Communication major understands the rights and responsibilities of communicators and the historical and contemporary contexts of the field.

The Communication major requires at least 42 credits in CTA, including a 26-credit core. CTA 1114, 2201, 2202, 2240, 3445, 4417 and 4445. 16 credits of CTA electives beyond the core are also required, including 8 upper-division credits. (This requirement allows a self-designed emphasis.) In addition, students are required to have ENG 1110 and CTA 1102 or equivalent transfer courses. A minimum grade of "C" must be maintained in all required classes.

Admission to the Communication major.

Students need to apply to the Communication or Advertising/Public Relationsmajor after completing 12 CTA credit hours but before completing 30 credit hours of CTA courses. The CTA credits taken prior to admission to the major must average a C+ (2.3). Students apply to the major by writing a brief essay, submitting three graded work samples (1 of which must be from a CTA course), completing the application to the major change of major form with a current unofficial transcript attached, and being interviewed by departmental faculty. The Department will admit students who perform well in the interview, write an excellent essay, exhibit appropriate behavior for a future professional, and who conform to the deadline.

Communication major outcomes.

1. Message Construction - Create a message that is appropriate for a specific audience in a variety of settings or media on a variety of topics.
2. Argumentation - Create and evaluate persuasive arguments.
3. Communication Skills - Understand the potential outcomes of various choices made during communicative exchanges.

Communication minor

20 credits in CTA 1114, 2240,4445 and two additional 4-credit CTA electives with at least one upper-division course. A minimum grade of "C" is required in all required CTA classes for this major.

Advertising and Public Relations major

The Advertising and Public Relations major provides a basic foundation for students who will work in a variety of settings. These students will be able to design appropriate messages for specific audiences using a number of media. The interdisciplinary nature of this program reflects the liberal arts focus of the College.

The Advertising and Public Relations major requires at least 52 credits including a 40-credit core of: CTA 1114, 2240, 2041, 4400, 4404, 4417, 4445, 4555, MGT 2320, 3550. A 12-credit concentration inWriting: CTA 2214,3445,4214;or in Production and Design: CTA 1107, 3041, and one of the following: CTA 3341 or 4041. A minimum grade of "C" is required in all required CTA classes for this major.

Admission to the Advertising and Public Relations major.

Students need to apply to the communication or advertising/public relations major after completing 12 CTA credit hours but before completing 30 credit hours of CTA courses. The CTA credits taken prior to admission to the major must average a C+ (2.3). Students apply to the major by writing a brief essay, submitting three graded work samples (1 of which must be from a CTA course), completing the application to the major change of major form with a current unofficial transcript attached, and being interviewed by departmental faculty. The Department will admit students who perform well in the interview, write an excellent essay, exhibit appropriate behavior for a future professional, and who conform to the deadline.

Students in this major must be accepted into the major prior to enrolling in the internship.

Advertising and Public Relationsmajor outcomes.

1. Creation of a variety of messages appropriate for specific audiences in a range of settings or media;
2. Creation and evaluation of persuasive arguments;
3. Demonstrate a basic understanding of organizations and how advertising and public relations professionals function within them.

Photography minor

The visual image is ubiquitous in American culture. One cannot venture far without seeing photographs used in news, entertainment, advertising, sports and other applications. Photography has also played a key role in shaping our collective memory of watershed events. Photography is communication. Photography is art. Students who revel in creative image-making and want to use the camera as an expressive tool would find value in the photo minor at St. Scholastica. A photo minor dovetails with related careers, especially in the advertising, public relations, graphic design and publication fields.
Photography Minor Coordinator: Edward Smith.

The Photographyminor requires at least 22 credits to include ART/CTA 1107, 2207, 2041, 3327, 4427, 4999. The independent study in Photography is a project agreed upon between the student and photography instructor that results in a student exhibition. Students may substitute a Topics course in photography for one of the required courses.

Photography minor objectives.

1. Students will master technical film and print processing skills in black and white, color,and some 19th century printing techniques and appropriate aesthetic display of these photographs.
2. Students will learn about digital photography and be conversant in using modern digital photographic manipulation software.
3. Students will continuously study photography aesthetics and be able to distinguish major principles of composition across a variety of photographic applications.

Theatre Program

The Theatre Program at The College of St. Scholastica provides opportunities for theatre management majors, theatre minors, and students majoring in other fields to develop a sense of aesthetics through exposure to theatre as a performing art. Students who perform develop responsibility for their own work. This collaborative art form also requires students to be responsible to the entire production team. The curriculum of the Theatre Program stresses an understanding of theatre history and dramatic literature and improves skills in performance and technical theatre. The theatre management major includes the study of theatre as an art form combined with the study of basic business practices and mediated communication skills. This combination of learning, work, and artistic expression is a unique part of the liberal arts. The College of St.Scholastica Theatre Programis distinguished from professional preparation programs in that the production selection is firmly grounded in academic, not populist, plays and the program emphasis is on student learning and participation.
Theatre Program Coordinator: Merry Renn Vaughan

Theatre Management major

The Theatre Management major is an interdisciplinary program that combines academic training in Theatre as well as professional preparation in management. Students pursuing a Theatre Management majo rwill complete traditional liberal arts courses focused on Theatre as well as career-preparatory courses in Management.

The Theatre Management major requires 58 credits in Management and Communication. Management courses: MGT 2120, 2320, 3340, 3550, 4140. Communication courses: CTA 2041, 4041, 4124, 4400. Theatre courses: CTA 2100, 2150, 2250, 3330, 3331, 4555. CTA 2100 must be taken in three different areas. Students can choose these areas in costuming, set construction, lighting, or acting. CTA 2100 can be taken for zero credits.

Admission to the Theatre Management major.

Students apply to the Theatre Management major at the end of the sophomore year; they are expected to have a 2.5 (C+) average in three courses required for the major. Each candidate must interview with the CTA Department chair and the director of the Theatre Program prior to admission. Prior to the interview, students must submit an essay about the chosen major and three samples of graded work, at least one of which must be a graphic design piece. Students who are less than one calendar year from graduation are not admitted to the major. The Department will deny admission to themajor for poor performance in the interview, on the essay, in the required course work, or failure to comply with the deadline for application to the major.

Theatre Managementmajor outcomes.

1. Develop a basic understanding of skills involved in performance and technical theatre, including understanding and appreciating the major periods of theatre history and being knowledge able of the major pieces of dramatic literature.
2. Effectively integrate management theory and practice in order to work effectively in any number of arts organizations or related fields.
3. Demonstrate problem-solving skills and proficiency in oral and written communication.
4. Acquire the ability to use computer graphic skills to design marketing pieces as well as design and maintain a Web site.

Theatre minor

Requires 22 credits in CTA 2100 (4 cr.), 3330, 3331, and

1. Performance Emphasis: CTA 2150,2202,and one of the following: CTA 2250, 4150, 4250, 4999.
2. Technical Theatre Emphasis: CTA 2100 - Technical (2 cr.), 2250, and one of the following: CTA 2150, 4150, 4250, 4999.

All Theatre minors are required towork on a minimum of four productions with at least one technical theatre practicum. The technical theatre practicum can be taken for zero credits if option one is chosen.

Theatre minor outcomes.

1. Students will develop a general understanding and appreciation of the major periods of theatre history and the major pieces of dramatic literature.
2. Theatre students will develop a sense of responsibility for their own performance as well as for the entire production.
3. Theatre students will develop skills for use in performance and technical theatre that will allow the student to work in theatre beyond the collegiate environment.The students will understand how to effectively communicate a play to an audience through both performance and technical elements.

English Department

Businesses, both for profit and non profit, as well as state and federal agencies expect employees to have the communication skills essential in today's business world. With an English major an individual will develop those skills important to success and satisfaction in public and personal life. St. Scholastica English majors enter law school, medical school and a variety of graduate programs. They teach middle, junior and senior high school students and,most importantly, read and write.

The English faculty is committed to fusing liberal arts and professional programs in an effort to serve the needs of students and nurture a community of learners. The English faculty undertakes the task of giving English majors a critical understanding and appreciation of literature and the development of the English language. The faculty seeks to teach majors how to read a text critically and how to respond intelligently in writing. The faculty strives to prepare graduates who use the English language effectively and creatively. In addition the faculty fosters the recognition that writing and reading areways to explore the human condition as well as learn and develop personally.
Chair: William Hodapp, Ph.D.

English major

The English major (without teaching licensure) requires a minimum of 40 credits in English; 24 of those creditsmust be in courses numbered 3000 or above. Majors should have successfully completed or been exempted from ENG 1110; this courses does not count among the 40 English credits required for this major. Specific requirements include five courses as follows: one course from the genre sequence (ENG 2250,2251,2252), three courses from the period surveys (ENG 3310, 3311, 3320, 3321), one course from the advanced writing offerings (ENG 3300, 3301, 3360, 3362, 3364).

Although the English major (without teaching licensure) allows considerable freedomin choosing courses, students should consult carefully with their advisors. Advisors can help students shape their programs to fit career goals - for example, to develop a deep literary background in preparation for graduate study in English, to develop writing, reading and analytical thinking skills in preparation for law school,or to develop communication skills in conjunction with courses in Communication or Management in preparation for a career in business or government.

Students planning to use the English major as preparation for professional graduate programs (for example, law, journalism or library science) may wish to seek advice from English faculty members and others. The College's pre-law advisor is Robert Craig, amember of the History, Politics and Culture Department.

English major with middle and secondary school education

The English major with teaching licensure requires aminimumof 40 credits in English; 24 of those creditsmust be in courses numbered 3000 or above. The student must plan to take courses in the areas listed below. Courses marked with an * are required by the English Department in order to meet English standards and the licensure requirements of the Minnesota Board of Teaching. Interested students should also see the Secondary Education Licensure Program requirements published by the Education Department.

ENG 1110 does not count among the 40 English credits required for this major. Also, the following courses - ENG 4440, ENG 4445, EDM 3220 and the CTA courses - are required for licensure but do not count toward the 40-credit total required for the English major. These requirements are subject to change.

Composition: *ENG 3300 or 3301.Students must complete ENG 1110 and CTA 1102 prior to admission to the major. Students must have knowledge of traditional grammar terminology and its application prior to registering for student teaching.
Genre: *ENG 2250, *2251, *2252.
Children/Young Adult Literature: *EDM 3220
American and British Literature: *Any two courses from the period surveys:ENG 3310,3311, 3320, 3321.
Language Study: *ENG 4430
Teaching Methods: *ENG 4440 and ENG 4445.
Oral Communications: *CTA 1102.
Communications: *CTA 1114 and one of the following: CTA 1107, 2205, 3041, 4150, 4420.

English Minor

A minor in English requires a minimum of 20 credits in ENG; 8 of those credits must be in courses numbered 3000 or above. Minors must also take at least one course from the genre sequence (ENG 2250, 2251, 2252). ENG 1110 does not count toward the English minor.

English Departmental Policies:

* Admission and Application to Major: Students intending to major (with or without licensure) should take at least four ENG courses before the end of the sophomore year. The genre courses (ENG 2250, 2251, 2252) are highly recommended; any of the British Literature or American Literature survey courses (ENG 3310, 3311, 3320, 3321) would also serve. Students should apply for admission to themajor in the spring semester of the sophomore year.Aminimum College of St. Scholastica cumulative grade point average of 2.7 is required for acceptance. At the time of application, students will write an application to major essay and undertake a departmental interview with English faculty.

* Departmental Assessment: In conjunction with their advisor, majors will assist the department in its on going assessment by developing a portfolio of their writing culled from courses and other sources. They will submit this portfolio anonymously for departmental review in their senior year and participate in an exit interview with English faculty. This process is for departmental assessment alone and in noway affects an individual's standing in the department or graduation from the College with a major in English.

Departmental outcomes:

Students will:

1. analyze, evaluate and place in context literary works from various cultures.
2. demonstrate knowledge of the conventions of genres.
3. demonstrate an ability to understand and hold various points of viewand lines of reasoning in tension.
4. demonstrate personal and intellectual engagement in responding to literary works.
5. use language in creative ways to explore self and the human condition.
6. demonstrate an ability to write for a variety of audiences in a variety of forms.
7. articulate an understanding of the impact literary study has on their lives.
8. demonstrate knowledge of grammar and mechanics and the conventions of standard English.

French

See Languages and International Studies Department

German

See Languages and International Studies Department

History, Politics and Culture Department

The History, Politics and Culture Department at St. Scholastica offers a number of programs, including a major and minor in History, a minor in Political Science,and courses in cultural studies. The department also contributes to themajor in Social Studies Secondary Education, and to the liberal arts component of general education for all St. Scholastica students. It strives to cultivate creative and critical thinking; to foster an appreciation for the richness and diversity of human experience and for the meaning of human dignity in varied historical and social contexts; and to encourage responsible work on behalf of human values, justice, and the fuller realization of human potential.

History, the department's core discipline, is the critical study of the human past. Encompassing all spheres of human experience, inquiry, belief and aspiration, it is the most integrative of humane disciplines. It is essential to any understanding of the human condition. History satisfies a deep need to know who we are, both as individual persons sharing a common humanity and as members of various groups (whether based on gender, class, ethnicity or religion, or whether local, national or global). The deeper our historical knowledge, the deeper our selfknowledge. And only with this type of knowledge can we formulate wise goals to help guide our future, again,both as individuals and collectively. The study of history is an indispensable part of a liberal education; it enables students to make informed judgments on a wide range of public issues and to argue their positions cogently.

Political science examines the origins,uses, justification and distribution of power in society, as well as the relationship between power and other social "goods" such as wealth, rights and liberties. The nature, organization and functions of the state, as the sovereign center of political power, are among the main subjects of politics. Political science can be both descriptive and normative. When descriptive, it investigates how power,wealth and rights actually are distributed. When normative, political science (or political philosophy) explores how they ought to be distributed. Politics, in short, is about how societies are governed, how competing ideas about what is best for society are articulated and resolved, and how decisions in one part of theworld affect other parts of the world. The study of politics provides an opportunity to understand not just how societies work, but also how to make them better.

The study of culture is integral to history and politics. Human beings are cultural beings because we seek to give our experiences meaning. The record of this search for meaning (and the way we interpret it) is the history of culture. Yet the idea itself of culture - from its first appearance in the late 18th century English literary tradition as "the best that has been thought and said" (culture as moral edification) to the 20th century anthropological concept of culture as a "whole way of life" (culture as the totality of practices in a given society) - is of modern origin. The study of culture thus also offers an opportunity to explore the historical development of key concepts and discourses in the humanities and social sciences, themselves part of the human search for meaning.

History,one of the classic liberal arts, is an excellent preparation for graduate studies as well as many professions:education, law,politics,public policy, civil and foreign service, archival and library science,museum studies, historic preservation and public history. A minor in political science can prepare students for a range of career opportunities not only in law, but in government, journalism, business or interest-group advocacy.
Chair: Robert H.Craig, Ph.D.

History major

A History major must successfully complete 36 semester credits in history, at least 20 of which must be completed at St. Scholastica. Required courses consist of HIS 3206 (Historiography and Historical Methods) and a 4000-level seminar. In addition, students must complete at least one course from each of the following fields (total of 12 credits): United States history, World history, and European history. At least 20 of these credits must be upper-division credits (3000 or higher). Application process: Students apply for a major in History at the end of their sophomore year; they are expected to have a 2.75 average and should submit a brief essay to the department chair explaining why they wish to major in history.

History minor

A History minor must complete 20 credits in history, with at least 12 being completed at St. Scholastica. Required courses consist of HIS 3206 (Historiography and Historical Methods) and a 4000 level seminar.

Political Science minor

The minor consists of a total of 20 credits, 12 of which must be: POL 2001 (Introduction to Political Science), HIS 3310 (U.S. Foreign Relations), and PHL 2223 (Political Philosophy).The remaining eight credits will be selected from the following courses: CTA 2210 (Mock Trial and/ or Policy Debate), CTA 4417 (Mass Media Law and Ethics), LIS 3301 (Human Rights), POL 3331 (American Government), POL 3001 (Politics of Globalization),POL 4402 (Politics of the Environment), POL 2280 (Rethinking Religion and Culture after 9/11), SWK 3360 (American Social Welfare Policy),and LIS 3200 (PopularMusic and Political Movements). In addition, it is strongly suggested that students who seek to pursue a minor in Political Science avail themselves of the opportunities associated with the Washington D.C. Semester Program.

Social Studies Secondary Education Major

This is an outcome-based major approved by the Minnesota Board of Teaching. It provides Social Studies licensure for grades 5-12. This program requires the completion and assessment of outcomes in the social sciences (anthropology,economics, geography, history, political science, psychology, sociology); the integration of these disciplines; and teacher education. Basic social science outcomes, as specified by the Minnesota Board of Teaching, are achieved through the following courses: HIS 1101 or 1102; HIS 1110 and 1111; HIS 2201 or 2202, 3206, 3214 and 3327; HUM 1174; POL 2001 or 3331; PSY 1105; SOC 1125;HIS/WGS 2231; SSC 3900 and SSC 3905. In addition to fulfilling these basic outcomes, each student must complete an additional four HIS credits. Students must also complete general requirements for Middle/Secondary licensure listed in the Education section of this catalog. Each candidate will meet with departmental members for an informal evaluation prior to admission.

Departmental Outcomes

Successful students will:

1. be able to evaluate primary historical documents and historical scholarship.
2. demonstrate knowledge of how history has shaped our understanding of citizenship, democratic institutions, struggles for social justice, moral obligations and human values.
3. plan, research, complete and present historical research projects.
4. knowledgeably analyze the role of race, class, ethnicity and gender in the shaping of history.
5. demonstrate an understanding of the integral nature of history and the liberal arts and sciences.

Humanities Major

The Humanities major affords students an opportunity to create, with some limits, an individual program of study in one or more of the humanities disciplines included in the School of Arts and Letters. The humanities disciplines are central to a liberal arts education. At this College the departments and programs included in the School of Arts and Letters are: Art; Communication, Theatre, and Art; English; History, Politics and Culture; American Indian Studies; Languages and International Studies (including American Sign Language, French, German, Latin, Ojibwe, Russian, Spanish); Medieval and Renaissance Studies; Music; Philosophy; Theology and Religious Studies; Women and Gender Studies. A student choosing a Humanities major has the opportunity to study the broad relationships and connections among the humanities disciplines, while also focusing on those of particular interest and significance. A major in Humanities is an excellent, multifaceted preparation for many non-specialized careers; the emphasis on reading, writing and critical evaluation of a broad range of historical/theoretical/ artistic developments gives a graduate skills essential to personal fulfillment and professional success in the world, a world which demands effective communication skills, multicultural understanding and the ability to identify and articulate an understanding of and position on a range of issues and problems.

A student graduating with a B.A. in Humanities from The College of St. Scholastica will:

demonstrate understanding of the relationships and connections among the humanities disciplines studied;
demonstrate understanding of the basic and essential principles of at least one School discipline;
analyze knowledgeably a problem germane to the School disciplines or critically evaluate a proposition pertinent to the chosen field of study;
communicate effectively an analysis of a problem or evaluation of a proposition.
Chair: Tammy Ostrander, Ph.D.

Plan A: A comprehensive major for students wishing a broad liberal arts education. Courses are chosen to achieve breadth.

Requirements: 48 credits from the offerings of any three of the following departments and/or prefixes listed under the School of Arts and Letters (ART, CTA, ENG, HIS, INS, LIS [ASL, FRN, GMN, OJB, RUS, SPN], MUS, PHL, TRS, WGS), with 16 credits coming from each of the three chosen departments/prefixes. At least 24 credits must be upper division courses (numbered 3000 or higher), with at least four credits of these upper division courses coming from each of the chosen departments/prefixes. Some leeway is allowed in the above requirements, according to the needs of the student's program and subject to approval of the School Dean. The 48 credit requirement is fixed.

Plan B: Primarily intended for the student who is designing his/her own major within the Humanities. Courses are chosen to achieve depth in 2 areas.

Requirements: 48 credits from the offerings listed under the School of Arts and Letters and any of its departments/prefixes. At least 24 credits must be upper division courses (numbered 3000 or higher). At least 24 credits must be from one discipline; at least 12 of these credits upper division. Some leeway is allowed in the above requirements, according to the needs of the student's program and subject to the approval of the School Dean. The 48 credits requirement is fixed.

Languages and International Studies Department

Following the strong interdisciplinary tradition of St.Scholastica, the International Studies Program offers a broad range of courseswhich encourage students to examine the complex relations between national values, international events and global responsibilities. This program gives students the opportunity to develop fluency in a language in tandem with expertise in the historical, political and cultural influences that have shaped current international events. LIS graduates find positions in profit and nonprofit businesses or organizations at home and abroad. They are also prepared for graduate school in either languages or international studies.

The programs of the Department of Languages and International Studies prepare students to live and work in an increasingly complex world in which the global community is bound together by changing technological, environmental and political factors.

The departmental course offerings provide students the opportunity to cross linguistic, cultural and socio-political boundaries. Students are immersed in alternative contexts that help them raise essential questions about rights, responsibilities and the peaceful resolution of conflict.
Chair: Diane Kessler, Ph.D.

Departmental outcomes

Students will

1. develop a worldview based on the understanding that an essential avenue to world peace is the integrated knowledge of another language and culture.
2. understand the power of culture in shaping perception, behavior, attitudes and beliefs.
3. achieve a world language fluency at the intermediate-mid level following ACTFL (American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages) Proficiency Guidelines.

Requirements for a major in LIS: LIS 1101/2001/ 3001/4001/2201 or 3301/3302 or 3303 plus 14- 18 credits from the following: LIS 4402/ 4401/ 3202/ 3401/ 4555/ 2101/ 2009/ 3301/ 4411 HIS 1101/ 1102/ 2221/ 2231/ 3209/ 3212/ 3214/ 3300/ 3302/ 3303/ 3304/ 3305/ 3307/ 3308/ 3310/ 3340/ 3342/ 3350/ 3355/ 3356 ECN 2280 MGT 3520 CTA 2240 SOC 2231MUS 3309 plus 12 credits of world language study beyond 1102 with a minimum GPA of 3.0.

Requirements for aminor in LIS: LIS1101 plus 16 other credits in LIS. In addition students must complete 12 credits of language study beyond 1102 with a minimum GPA of 2.75

American Sign Language

The ASL program includes a full year (eight credits) of language study. Students will have the opportunity to understand deaf culture and its dynamics as well as to articulate their responses to relevant social aspects and values of the deaf culture and the community.

French

The French language and culture program includes three semesters of basic French language study which uses a communicative approach as well as a series of courses to increase a student's knowledge of French life, history and culture. Several of the courses in the French sequence also count toward a major or minor in International Studies.

French Minor

20 credits beyond FRN 1102 including FRN 3301, FRN 3303 or 3304 and FRN 3305.

German

The German language and culture program includes two-plus years of German language study based on a communicative approach emphasizing listening, speaking, reading and writing skills, as well as cultural studies. In addition, there is the opportunity to participate in the St.Scholastica/Leipzig Exchange Program, an exchange of St. Scholastica students and students fromthe Leipzig Medical Training Institute in Germany (see STUDY ABROAD, General Information). All students with previous German study are required to take the Language Placement Test for placement into the appropriate skills section.

Minor: Minimum of 20 credits beyond GMN 1102,and including GMN 1103, 1104, 2201, 2202. Remaining credits may be fulfilled by any other GMN courses, LIS 3401 (Europe Today), or LIS 3202 (German Film offering, Sec. 002) courses and Study Abroad option. All minors are required to participate in a summer language program abroad, preferably at the Goethe Institute (four weeks/4 cr.) or with the St. Scholastica/ Leipzig Exchange Program (two weeks/2 cr.). LIS 4555 (LIS Internship) and other credited study abroad programs may be substituted with permission of the instructor, who also reserves the right to substitute requirements when warranted.

Latin

Long before French, Spanish or the other romance languages came to be, people spoke, shopped, negotiated and read in Latin. The Latin program includes a full year (8 credits) of language study. It is an excellent complement to the Medieval and Renaissance Studies Minor.

Ojibwe

The Ojibwe language is spoken by many Anishinaabe (Ojibwe) people in Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan and Canada. During recent generations, Anishinaabe communities - in partnership with non-Indian allies - have been engaged in a process of revitalizing the language, nearly lost for a variety of historical reasons. Courses are open to all students who are interested in Ojibwe language and way of life.

• The language embodies the beliefs and cultural practices of the Anishinaabe people, so students learn its origins and meanings as well as the language skills.
• Language and culture complement each other. One cannot be learned without the other.
• The Ojibwe language describes more than the physical world; therefore, emotions and spiritual states are expressed in the form of verbs, and many things are understood as animate.

Russian

The Russian language and culture program includes three years of Russian language study with particular emphasis on speaking and listening skills. To supplement this basic language sequence, the College participates in an ongoing series of faculty and student exchanges during the regular academic year with the Karelian State Pedagogical University in Petrozavodsk, Duluth's sister city in Russia. In addition, American students of Russian may participate in a five week summer Russian language camp in Petrozavodsk operated by the Pedagogical University, or they may want to help host Russian students who come to an English language camp at the College in alternate summers.

Minor: Minimum of 20 credits beyond RUS 1102, including RUS 1103-1104 and RUS 2201- 2202. Students must also take either RUS 2280 or HIS 3301, as well as either RUS 2209 or RUS 3301-3302. (Other study-abroad experiences may be accepted in fulfillment of RUS 2209.)

Spanish

The Spanish language and culture program includes four semesters of basic Spanish language study using a communicative approach aswell as a series of courses designed to increase a student's knowledge of Hispanic life, history and culture.

The Minor in Spanish
Minor candidates need to complete the following requirements:

• Twenty credits beyond the level of SPN 1104.
• SPN 3513 (Composition and Grammar Review) OR participation in a semester-long HECUA program with writing the required research papers in Spanish. This requirement may be met with courses in other programs with the consent of St. Scholastica Spanish faculty. Prerequisite: SPN 2102.
• At least one Spanish language literature course.
• Completion of one of the following civilization or culture courses: LIS 3303, LIS/HIS 2009, SPN 3601, or SPN 3602. In lieu of these courses, students may participate in the Semestre en México programor a semester- long HECUA program to Latin America. Other semester-long study-abroad programs may replace the above with the consent of St. Scholastica Spanish faculty.
• Only one course taught in English may count towards the minor. These courses include LIS/SPN 3303 (The Other America), HIS 2009 (Modern Latin American History), and LIS 3202 (Culture Through Film,Section 5). Other courses in English may count with prior approval from St. Scholastica Spanish faculty.
• LIS 4555 (LIS Internship)may count towards the minor with prior approval from St. Scholastica Spanish faculty.

Students pursuing a minor in Spanish are strongly encouraged to participate in a study abroad program to a Spanish-speaking country. The SPN faculty reserve the right to substitute requirements when warranted.

Medieval and Renaissance Studies Program

Medieval and Renaissance Studies offers an interdisciplinary minor focusing on western culture from late antiquity through the early modern period. The minor encompasses 20 credits froma range of disciplines, including history, philosophy, languages, literature, economics, music, art and theology. Core courses give a foundation for study of medieval and Renaissance thought and cultures; elective courses provide opportunities to pursue particular areas of interest. Students may count no more than two electives from any given discipline (e.g., history, English, music) toward completing the minor. With careful planning, students can integrate coursework in the Benedictine Liberal Arts Education Program to develop an interdisciplinary focus in medieval and Renaissance studies.
Coordinator: William Hodapp, Ph.D.

*LTN 1103/LTN 1104 - A student may elect to include up to four credits of Latin, two of which must be LTN 1104.

Music Department

"Let us rise in chanting that our hearts and voices harmonize."
(The Rule of St.Benedict,Ch.19)
An education in music leads to an understanding of ways to explore the nature of existence, communicate to others and create works of enduring value. The mission of the Music Department is to educate students about music and, in so doing, to help them exemplify Benedictine ideals of academic excellence, cultural development and personal integrity.

The Music Department serves students of all levels of interest and skill, from those who plan to major or minor in music to those who want to enrich their education with music courses. Music courses help students develop skills and knowledge in music theory, music history and literature, and music performance. All areas of music study help students develop an understanding of aesthetic effects produced by the materials, organization and cultural context of a work of art.

Music majors may choose among four concentrations: Music Performance, Music Education, Music Literature and Music Management. Music Performance students may specialize in piano pedagogy. Music Education students choose one of two tracks leading to K-12 licensure: vocal music education or instrumental music education. Graduate credit may also be obtained in early music, although no graduate degree is offered. See "Graduate Program" for information and course descriptions.
Chair: Penny Schwarze, Ph.D.

Music major

Concentrations within the music major offer options to students who plan to pursue a profession in music (Music Performance, Music Education, Music Management) as well as students who want their music studies to provide a strong liberal arts foundation from which to pursue a range of professional interests (Music Literature).

Music Performance concentration

MUS 1101, 1102, 1302, 2101, 2102, 1421 or competency, 2411 or competency, 2412 or 2413 or competency, 2251, 2297, 2298, 3310, 3311, 3312, 4297, and four credits of music electives other than music lessons and ensembles. Music Performance students must also take at least 24 credits of music lessons, at least four of which must be in the major instrument/voice at 4000 level with a maximum of 32 credits allowed. An ensemble (MUS 3211, 3212, 3213, 4211, or approved off-campus ensemble) must be taken each semester for a total of at least eight semesters with a maximum of 12 credits allowed. MUS 1390must be taken each semester. General Education language requirementmust be passed in French or German (or Italian).

Music Education concentration

MUS 1101, 1102, 1302, 2101, 2102, 1421, 2411, 2412, 2413, 2251, 2297, 2298, 3309, 3310, 3311, 3312, 3298, 4297; MUS /EDU 3251, 3252, 3253, 3254. Language requirements must be fulfilled in French, German, or Spanish (or Italian). See the Education Department for requirements for Secondary Licensure. Music Education students must take a minimum of 12 credits of music lessons on the major instrument/voice,completing the 4000 level with a maximum of 24 credits allowed. An ensemble (MUS 1121, 3211, 3212, 3213, 4211, or approved off-campus ensemble) must be taken each semester for a total of seven semesters. At least four semesters must be in choir, band or other large ensemble and three semesters must be in smaller ensembles. Music lessons and ensembles need not be taken while student teaching. MUS 1390 must be taken each semester. Vocal Music Education specialists must take section one of MUS 3253. Instrumental Music Education specialists must take section two of MUS 3253.

Music Management concentration

MUS 1101, 1102, 1302, 2101, 2102, 1421 or competency, 2411 or competency, 2412 or competency, 2413 or competency, 2251, 2297, 2298, and two of these three courses:3310,3311,3312; MGT 2120, MKT 2320; twelve credits of upper division Management electives to be chosen with advisor. Music Management studentsmust take at least 14 credits of music lessons on the major instrument/voice, studying at least one semester at the 3000 level, with a maximum of 24 credits allowed. An ensemble (MUS 1121, 3211, 3212, 3213, 4211 or approved off-campus ensemble) must be taken each semester for a total of at least seven semesters with a maximum of eight credits allowed. MUS 1390 must be taken each semester. Electives in foreign languages and Management Communication are strongly recommended.

Music Literature concentration

MUS 1101, 1102, 1302, 2101, 2102, 2251, 2298, 2411 or competency, 2412 or 2413 or competency, 3310, 3311, 3312, 2-credit senior paper or project (MUS 4999). Music lesson requirement: 8 credits, including at least six semesters of music lessons in the main instrument/voice and piano lessons until keyboard proficiencies are completed. Ensemble requirement: a minimum of four semesters of ensemble. MUS 1390 must be taken each semester.

Music minor

MUS 1101, 1102, 1302, 2251; at least 10 credits combined total of music lessons and ensembles - minimum of two semesters of lessons, minimum of two semesters of ensembles; four credits of electives chosen with the consent of the department chair from MUS 2101, 2411, 2412, 2413, 3309, 3310, 3311, 3312 or 3281. Total of 26 credits.

Opportunities for additional experiences include:

1. teaching children in the St. Scholastica Music Preparatory Department under faculty guidance;
2. conducting or accompanying church choirs;
3. playing or singing in community ensembles;
4. performing for events on- and off-campus.

Admission

At the completion of the sophomore year, students make formal application to the department. Students not qualified by completion of their second year may need additional time to complete upper-division courses.

Minimum admission requirements are:

1. junior-level standing;
2. a. for Music Performance, Music Education, and Music Management students: admission to 3000-level ofmusic lessons (includes giving a sophomore recital) and completion of MUS 2298 Keyboard/ Sight- singing Proficiency;
   b. for Music Literature students: two semesters of music lessons on the main instrument/voice;
3. recommendation by the Music faculty. The department reserves the right to select from applicants who meet the minimum criteria those with the best qualifications.

Retention requirements:

1. minimum grade of 2.5 (on a 4.0 scale) in each major course;
2. approval by Music faculty who reserve the right of retaining in the major only those students who, in their judgment, satisfy requirements of musicianship, scholarship and personal suitability for the profession.

All Music majors (except senior Music Literature students) take music lessons in their major performance area each semester until performance requirements are satisfied. Performance finals are required each semester on the major instrument. Students may take a maximum of three music lessons/performance classes each semester. Music lessons may be taken for one, two or four credits (four credit lessons require 50- minute lessons) each semester. See specific requirements for each concentration (above). Class piano or piano lessons must be taken each semester until completion of MUS 2298.

All Music majors (with exceptions noted above) participate in an ensemble each semester. Students in ensembles are expected to participate in all performances on and off campus and to attend any necessary extra rehearsals. See specific requirements for each concentration given above. Ensembles may be taken for one or zero credits.

Outcomes

Music major graduates will demonstrate:

1. Skills and knowledge to convey musical ideas effectively in performance.
2. Knowledge of and research competence in music history and literature.
3. Analytical skills and knowledge of music theory, including application in compositional processes.
4. Aesthetic awareness and critical judgment of musical works and performances.
5. The ability towork and learn independently in projects such as recitals and research papers.

Ojibwe

See Languages and International Studies Department

Philosophy

Philosophy is an activity of inquiry as well as a body of knowledge. It is the sense of wonder with which even our everyday experiences are approached. Philosophers critically examine basic assumptions in any area of study or life, then try to draw conclusions based on sound reasoning.

Philosophy minor

PHL 1105, 2214 and 12 additional credits approved by the department.

Political Science

See History, Politics and Culture Department

Russian

See Languages and International Studies Department

Social Science Secondary Education

See History, Politics and Culture Department

Spanish

See Languages and International Studies Department

Theology and Religious Studies Department

The study of theology and religion involves the academic exploration of our relationship with God and the nature and role of religion. Courses examine beliefs, rituals, ethics, sacred writings, spiritualities, and the meaning and application of faith in students' lives. Most courses reflect the Christian tradition or the Benedictine Catholic heritage. Consistent with an ecumenical and interfaith perspective, courses are often in dialogue with Protestant Christianity, Judaism, and other faiths. Particular courses focus on the traditions and theologies of other world religions. The department also aims to develop sensitivity and responsiveness to value issues within the human community. The department serves as a resource for the College in maintaining and celebrating its Roman Catholic heritage. The Braegelman Catholic Studies Program provides opportunities for the study of Catholicism and its interaction with culture.

Majors and minors are offered in Theology and Religious Studies and in Catholic Studies through the Braegelman Catholic Studies Program in. Those majoring in Theology and Religious Studies may choose a concentration in Theology and Religion, Pastoral Ministry, or Youth Ministry and Religious Education. With these majors and concentrations, the department prepares students for careers in religious education at the parish/congregation level, youth ministry, pastoral ministry and lay ministry in churches and other religious agencies and for advanced study in graduate schools or seminaries.
Chair: Gary J. Boelhower, Ph.D.

Theology and Religious Studies Major:
40 credits as follows:12 credits from TRS 1101 OR 1110 OR 1122, 1103 OR 1104 OR 1105, 2601 OR 3101; 4 credits from TRS 3240, 3315, 3350, 4777, 4999 in systematic theology; 4 credits from TRS 3110, 3120, 3130.4130 in biblical studies;4 credits from TRS 2101 3310, 3311, 4777 in moral theology; 4 credits from TRS 3601, 3602, 3603, 4777 in world religions; and requirements for a concentration as follows:
Theology and Religion:
12 credits in 3000/4000 level TRS courses
Pastoral Ministry: TRS 2110, 4555 and 4 credits in 3000/4000 level TRS courses
Religious Education/YouthMinistry: TRS 2110, 4555, and 4408.

Theology and Religious Studies minor:

24 credits as follows: 8 credits from TRS 1101, 1110, 1122, 1103, 1104, 1105, 2601, 3101 and 16 credits in TRS with 8 credits in 3000/4000 level courses.

Program outcomes:

Students who complete the major in Theology and Religious Studies will demonstrate:

1. basic knowledge in the areas of systematic foundational theology, biblical studies, moral theology, and world religions.
2. effective use of theological resources.
3. theological reflection by engaging spiritual and religious traditions with human experience.
4. ability to participate in religious and theological dialogue.
5. skills for ethical reflection,decision making and action, in both their personal ethical lives and in the area of social ethics and justice.
6. ability to read,write about and discuss religious and theological topics.
7. in the case of majors who concentrate in areas of ministry, skills of effective ministry, including the teaching of religion, retreat work, preparation of prayer and worship services, organization of groups and activities (especially activities oriented to creating a just world), and self care.

The Braegelman Catholic Studies Program

Director: The Reverend William C.Graham, Ph.D.
Catholic Studies at the College of St. Scholastica continues the College's Benedictine tradition of rigorous engagementwith the Catholic intellectual tradition. The College seeks to send forth thoughtful leaders, inspired by the Gospel, well schooled in the liberal arts, committed to serve and to transform the world. Those engaged in Catholic Studies examine religious ideas and ideals, and participate in the ongoing study of Catholic thought and culture. They seek dialogue with Catholics of all mind sets,with Christians from other denominations, believers from other faith traditions and all, including non believers, who seek the truth with sincerity. The program was endowed by the Sisters of St. Scholastica Monastery and named for Sister Athanasius Braegelman, president of the College from 1942-1954, and Sister Bernice Braegelman, who taught Scripture and other classes at the College from 1941-1972.

The Braegelman Catholic Studies program introduces students to the Catholic intellectual tradition on which the very idea of a modern university is based. The tradition sweeps across and includes all fields of study with the conviction that all seeking is search for truth and those who seek truth will find God. The programinvites and facilitates dialogue between faith and modern culture. The interdisciplinary nature of the study highlights for students the complementary interaction of faith and reason. The curriculum, beginning with and grounded in theology and philosophy,must then be both broad and diverse as it engages students with the transformative realities of the arts and sciences.The curriculum is designed to appeal to the student of any faith tradition who seeks greater appreciation for the heritage on which the College of St. Scholastica is built and which has shaped western culture. The major is designed to fit nicely with any number of other fields of study and will work well as a double, or second, major for many students. Therefore, this interdisciplinary program of Catholic Studies will invite the participation of faculty in the fields of theology, history, the arts, the social and natural sciences, philosophy, and English.

Catholic Studies Major:

36 credits as follows: TRS 1101 OR 1110;1103 OR 1104 OR 1105; 3310, 3350, the Catholic Studies Seminar and 16 credits, chosen with the help of the Program Director, from TRS and the arts, philosophy, social sciences and natural sciences. At least 8 of these credits must be at the 3000 or 4000 level. Students will be encouraged to select courses that demonstrate the depth and breadth of the Catholic intellectual tradition.

Catholic Studies Minor:

20 credits as follows: 12 TRS credits and 8 additional credits from TRS, the arts, philosophy, social sciences and natural sciences. At least 4 of these credits must be at the 3000 or 4000 level.

Other Opportunities In Theology and Religious Studies:

Catholic Studies Certificate: 16 credits as follows: at least 12 TRS credits and 4 additional credits from TRS, the arts, philosophy, social sciences and natural sciences. Students will be encouraged to select courses that demonstrate the depth and breadth of the Catholic intellectual tradition.

Women's Spirituality Certificate

See Women's Studies Department

Admission and retention procedures and policy

Formal application for admission to the Theology and Religious Studies major should bemade during the spring semester of the sophomore year.The criteriawhich are considered for admission to the program follow.

1. Applicants must have completed at least four Theology and Religious Studies courses before applying.
2. Criteria for admission:
   a. junior standing;
   b. cumulative GPA of 2.0 (on a 4.0 scale);
   c. cumulative GPA of 2.7 in all courses required for the Theology and Religious Studies major;
   d. "C" grade or better in all courses required for the major.
3. Retention in the Theology and Religious Studies major is contingent upon maintaining the acceptable academic standards listed above, plus satisfactory professional and academic integrity.

Women's and Gender Studies Department

The Women's and Gender Studies Program provides opportunities for students to think beyond the boundaries of traditional gender roles in academics, in institutions, and in everyday life. The program includes a minor inWomen's and Gender Studies as well as a certificate in women's spirituality. The programfollows an interdisciplinary approach,encouraging students to explore diverse experiences and perspectives. Individual courses seek to transform the learner's world view by giving careful attention to the scholarship of the discipline from multicultural perspectives. Students integrate class room knowledge with hands-on service learning opportunities.
Chair: Lezlie Oachs, M.A.

Women's Studies minor

The Women's Studies minor requires 20 credits within two schools, including at least three departments. The following courses are required:

Women's Spirituality Certificate

The women's spirituality certificate requires 16 credits of coursework and a Benedictine Immersion Retreat.
Required Capstone Experience
Benedictine Immersion Retreat, 0 cr.

The following courses are electives:

Youth Ministry

See Theology and Religious Studies Department